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20242026
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cs.AI2026

A Survey of Reasoning and Agentic Systems in Time Series with Large Language Models

Ching Chang, Yidan Shi, Defu Cao +8

Time series reasoning treats time as a first-class axis and incorporates intermediate evidence directly into the answer. This survey defines the problem and organizes the literatur…

cs.AI2026

Adaptive Collaboration with Humans: Metacognitive Policy Optimization for Multi-Agent LLMs with Continual Learning

Wei Yang, Defu Cao, Jiacheng Pang +2

While scaling individual Large Language Models (LLMs) has delivered remarkable progress, the next frontier lies in scaling collaboration through multi-agent systems (MAS). However,…

cs.AI2026

TemporalBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating LLM-Based Agents on Contextual and Event-Informed Time Series Tasks

Muyan Weng, Defu Cao, Wei Yang +2

It is unclear whether strong forecasting performance reflects genuine temporal understanding or the ability to reason under contextual and event-driven conditions. We introduce Tem…

cs.AI2025

Conversational Time Series Foundation Models: Towards Explainable and Effective Forecasting

Defu Cao, Michael Gee, Jinbo Liu +4

The proliferation of time series foundation models has created a landscape where no single method achieves consistent superiority, framing the central challenge not as finding the…

cs.AI2024

An Examination on the Effectiveness of Divide-and-Conquer Prompting in Large Language Models

Yizhou Zhang, Lun Du, Defu Cao +2

Foundation models, such as Large language Models (LLMs), have attracted significant amount of interest due to their large number of applications. However, when handling tasks invol…