Real-time feedback control of ELM frequency using divertor gas puffing and its effects on tungsten-induced radiation and plasma performance in KSTAR

Minseok Kim, Young-Ho Lee, SangKyeun Kim +10

The edge-localized mode (ELM) frequency ($f_{\mathrm{ELM}}$) was successfully controlled in real time on KSTAR using a proportional-integral (PI) feedback controller, employing a $…