Dusty outflows in planetary atmospheres: Understanding "super-puffs" and transmission spectra of sub-Neptunes

Lile Wang, Fei Dai

`Super-puffs' are planets with anomalously low mean densities ($\lesssim 10^{-1}{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{cm}}^{-3}$). With a low surface gravity, the extended atmosphere is susceptible to extreme h…