2 papers
physics.soc-ph2025
Toward Sustainable Rare Earth Element Production: Key Challenges in Techno-Economic, Life Cycle, and Social Impact Assessment
Adam Smerigan, Rui Shi
Rare earth elements (REEs) are 17 critical minerals used in many clean energy technologies like wind turbines and electric vehicles. Conventionally, we produce REEs from mining in…
physics.soc-ph2025
Advancing the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Rare Earth Element Recovery from Phosphogypsum
Adam Smerigan, Rui Shi
Transitioning to green energy technologies requires more sustainable and secure rare earth elements (REE) production. The current production of rare earth oxides (REOs) is complete…