#shear and acceleration effects

topicshear and acceleration effects

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gr-qc2026

The BGV Theorem and the Null Convergence Condition

William H. Kinney

The paper investigates how the Null Convergence Condition (NCC) and spatial curvature affect the applicability of the Borde‑Guth‑Vilenkin (BGV) theorem, showing that NCC and non‑po…