The physical meaning of phase and its importance for quantum teleportation

Abstract

We argue that the two parties in a quantum teleportation protocol need to share more resources than just an entangled state and a classical communication channel. As the phase between orthogonal states has no physical meaning by itself, a shared standard defining all relevant phases is necessary. We discuss several physical implementations of qubits and the corresponding physical meaning of phase.

3 pages RevTeX, no figures. Comments are still welcome. Submitted to special issue of J. Modern Optics

References in corpus (1)

• Experimental quantum teleportation

Cited by in corpus (12)

• Reference frames, superselection rules, and quantum information
• Quantum teleportation of light beams
• |0>|1>+|1>|0>
• On experimental procedures for entanglement verification
• The Quantum State of an Ideal Propagating Laser Field
• Quantifying the resource of sharing a reference frame
• Teleportation transfers only speakable quantum information
• On quantum teleportation with beam-splitter-generated entanglement
• Quantum communication, reference frames and gauge theory
• Perfect tight quantum teleportation without a shared reference frame
• Tight Reference Frame--Independent Quantum Teleportation
• Quantum teleportation with infinite reference frame uncertainty and without prior alignment