Geometric Quantum Computation

Abstract

We describe in detail a general strategy for implementing a conditional geometric phase between two spins. Combined with single-spin operations, this simple operation is a universal gate for quantum computation, in that any unitary transformation can be implemented with arbitrary precision using only single-spin operations and conditional phase shifts. Thus quantum geometrical phases can form the basis of any quantum computation. Moreover, as the induced conditional phase depends only on the geometry of the paths executed by the spins it is resilient to certain types of errors and offers the potential of a naturally fault-tolerant way of performing quantum computation.

15 pages, LaTeX, uses cite, eepic, epsfig, graphicx and amsfonts. Accepted by J. Mod. Opt

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• Inequivalent classes of interference experiments with non-abelian anyons
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• Use of non-adiabatic geometric phase for quantum computing by nuclear magnetic resonance
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• Observable geometric phase induced by a cyclically evolving dissipative process
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• Semiclassical propagation of spin coherent states
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