Electromagnetic pulses which have a zero momentum frame
arXiv:physics/0304022 · doi:10.1088/1464-4258/5/4/101
Abstract
One set of the Ziolkowski family of exact solutions of the wave equation are shown to represent pulses propagating with momentum smaller than energy/c. This is explicitly demonstrated for special cases by calculating the total electromagnetic momentum and energy. Since the ratio of momentum to energy is a constant smaller than 1/c, there exists a Lorentz transformation to a frame in which the total momentum is zero. In the zero-momentum frame the fields are those of an annular pulse converging onto or diverging from a focal region.
10 pages, 2 figures incorporated