Nuclear rainbow scattering and nucleus-nucleus potential

Abstract

Elastic scattering of alpha-particle and some tightly-bound light nuclei has shown the pattern of rainbow scattering at medium energies, which is due to the refraction of the incident wave by a strongly attractive nucleus-nucleus potential. This review gives an introduction to the physics of the nuclear rainbow based essentially on the optical model description of the elastic scattering. Since the realistic nucleus-nucleus optical potential (OP) is the key to explore this interesting process, an overview of the main methods used to determine the nucleus-nucleus OP is presented. The refractive rainbow-like structures observed in other quasi-elastic scattering reactions have also been discussed. Some evidences for the refractive effect in the elastic scattering of unstable nuclei are presented and perspectives for the future studies are discussed.

66 pages, 43 figures, Topical Review to appear in J. Phys. G

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Cited by in corpus (73)

• Ground-state properties of neutron-rich Mg isotopes
• Deformation of Ne isotopes in the island-of-inversion region
• Nuclear mean field and double-folding model of the nucleus-nucleus optical potential
• $\alpha$-particle condensate states in ${}^{16}$O
• Nuclear matter in the crust of neutron stars derived from realistic NN interactions
• Mass-number and isotope dependence of the local microscopic optical potential for polarized proton scattering
• Equation of state of the neutron star matter, and the nuclear symmetry energy
• Higher-order symmetry energy of nuclear matter and the inner edge of neutron star crusts
• Folding model study of the isobaric analog excitation: isovector density dependence, Lane potential and nuclear symmetry energy
• Microscopic optical potentials for ${}^4$He scattering
• Nucleus-nucleus potential with shell-correction contribution
• Nuclear equation of state at high baryonic density and compact star constraints
• Missing monopole strength of the Hoyle state in the inelastic $\alpha$+${}^{12}$C scattering
• Evidence for a secondary bow in Newton's zero-order nuclear rainbow
• Important role of projectile excitation in ${}^{16}$O+${}^{60}$Ni and ${}^{16}$O+${}^{27}$Al scattering at intermediate energies
• Alpha-cluster Condensations in Nuclei and Experimental Approaches for their Studies
• Neutron star cooling - a challenge to the nuclear mean field
• Folding model study of the charge-exchange scattering to the isobaric analog state and implication for the nuclear symmetry energy
• Mean-field study of hot beta-stable protoneutron star matter: Impact of the symmetry energy and nucleon effective mass
• Elastic and inelastic scattering of ${}^{16}$O on ${}^{27}$Al and ${}^{28}$Si at 240 MeV
• Spectroscopic factors for low-lying 16N levels and the astrophysical 15N(n,gamma)16N reaction rate
• Rainbow scattering in the gravitational field of a compact object
• Hindrance of the excitation of the Hoyle state and the ghost of the $2_2^{+}$ state in ${}^{12}$C
• Unification of Airy structure in inelastic $\alpha$ +${}^{16}$O scattering and $\alpha$-cluster structure with core excitation in ${}^{20}$Ne
• Recent progress constraining the nuclear equation of state from astrophysics and heavy ion reactions
• Rainbow scattering of gravitational plane waves by a compact body
• Relativistic Description of Finite Nuclei Based on Realistic $NN$ Interactions
• Pairing correlations and odd-even staggering in reaction cross sections of weakly bound nuclei
• Folding model analysis of the inelastic $\alpha {+}^{12}$C scattering at medium energies, and the isoscalar transition strengths of the cluster states of ${}^{12}$C
• Direct and indirect $\alpha$ transfer in the elastic ${}^{16}$O+${}^{12}$C scattering
• Refractive effects and Airy structure in inelastic ${}^{16}$O+${}^{12}$C rainbow scattering
• Rearrangement term in the nonlocal folding model of the nucleon optical potential
• Medium effect in high-density nuclear matter probed by systematic analyses of nucleus-nucleus elastic scattering
• A microscopic approach to ${}^3$He scattering
• BiFold: A Python code for the calculation of double folded (bifold) potentials with density-in/dependent nucleon-nucleon interactions
• Further evidence for a dynamically generated secondary bow in ${}^{13}$C+${}^{12}$C rainbow scattering
• Similarity between nuclear rainbow and meteorological rainbow -- evidence for nuclear ripples
• Luneburg-lens-like universal structural Pauli attraction in nucleus-nucleus interactions: origin of emergence of cluster structures and nuclear rainbows
• Medium dependent relativistic NN potential: Application to the fusion dynamics
• Microscopic study of the isoscalar giant resonances in 208Pb induced by inelastic alpha scattering
• Proton widths of the low-lying 16F states from the 15N(7Li, 6Li)16N reaction
• Medium effect in high-density region probed by nucleus-nucleus elastic scattering
• Neutron transition strengths of $2_1^{+}$ states in the neutron rich Oxygen isotopes determined from inelastic proton scattering
• Airy structure in ${}^{16}$O+${}^{14}$C nuclear rainbow scattering
• Elastic transfer and parity dependence of the nucleus-nucleus optical potential
• Evidence for L-dependence generated by channel coupling: O16 scattering from C12 at 115.9 Mev
• Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter and the tidal deformability of neutron star
• Cross sections at sub-Coulomb energies: full optical model vs.\ barrier transmission for ${}^{40}$Ca + $\alpha$
• Alpha particle condensation and nuclear rainbow scattering
• Drastic change in inelastic scattering depending on the development of dineutron correlation in ${}^{10}$Be
• Exploring sensitivity of charge-exchange ($p,n$) reactions to the neutron density distribution
• Spin-polarized $\beta$-stable neutron star matter: the nuclear symmetry energy and GW170817 constraint
• On the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition and assault frequency in a semiclassical model for α decay
• Positivity of the Invariant Kernel Underlying Quantum Theory of the Coulomb Field
• Nuclear rainbow of the symmetric nucleus-nucleus system: Interchange of the nearside and farside scattering
• Existence of inelastic supernumerary nuclear rainbow in ${}^{16}$O+${}^{12}$C scattering
• Semi-classical approaches to heavy-ion reactions: fusion, rainbow, and glory
• Evidence for a dynamically refracted primary bow in weakly bound ${}^9$Be rainbow scattering from ${}^{16}$O
• Luneburg-lens-like structural Pauli attractive core of nuclear force at short distances
• Global density-dependent $\alpha$-nucleon interaction for $\alpha$-nucleus elastic scattering
• Secondary bow with ripples in ${}^{12}$C+${}^{12}$C rainbow scattering
• Disappearance of Mott oscillations in sub-barrier elastic scattering of identical heavy ions and the nuclear interaction
• Systematic study for relation between nuclear structure and reaction in ${}^{10}$Be nucleus
• Farside-dominant quasinuclear rainbow in refractive $\alpha$+$\alpha$ scattering
• Investigation of the determination of nuclear deformation using high-energy heavy-ion scattering
• Optical model potentials for deuteron scattering off ${}^{24}$Mg, ${}^{28}$Si, ${}^{58}$Ni, ${}^{90}$Zr, ${}^{116}$Sn, and ${}^{208}$Pb at $\sim$100 MeV/nucleon
• Axial momentum and quantization of the Majorana field
• Existence of a fourth Airy elephant in the nuclear rainbows for ${}^{12}$C+${}^{12}$C scattering
• Examination of the possibility of ${\pi }^0$ condensation and magnetization in freely interpenetrating nuclei
• Disappearance of Mott oscillations in sub-barrier elastic scattering of identical nuclei and atomic ions
• Nuclear Rainbow of Core-Symmetric Systems
• Systematics of supernumerary nuclear rainbow in inelastic ${}^{16}$O+${}^{12}$C scattering
• Comparative folding-model study of low-energy elastic scattering and fusion of the ${}^{12}$C+${}^{12}$C and ${}^{16}$O+${}^{16}$O systems