The Spectator Electromagnetic Effect on Charged Pion Spectra in Peripheral Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Abstract

We estimate the electromagnetic effect of the spectator charge on the momentum spectra of ${\pi }^{+}$ and ${\pi }^{-}$ produced in peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at SPS energies. We find that the effect is large and results in strongly varying structures in the $x_F$ dependence of the ${\pi }^{+}/{\pi }^{-}$ ratio, especially at low transverse momenta where a deep valley in the above ratio is predicted at $x_F\sim$ 0.15 -- 0.20. It appears that the effect depends on initial conditions. Thus, it provides new information on the space and time evolution of the non-perturbative pion creation process.

20 pages and 8 figures

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• On the Implications of Energy and Momentum Conservation for Particle Emission in A+A Collisions at SPS Energies
• Spectator induced electromagnetic effects in heavy-ion collisions and space-time-momentum conditions for pion emission
• Can pion spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS energies be described by those in p+p reactions and energy-momentum conservation ? Rapidity distributions of pions in p+p and Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS energies
• Electromagnetic interaction of low transverse momentum electrons and positrons with heavy nuclei in ultra-peripheral ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Manipulating strong electromagnetic fields with the average transverse momentum of relativistic nuclear collisions
• Highlights from the NA61/SHINE strong-interactions programme
• Impact of the Coulomb field on charged-pion spectra in few-GeV heavy-ion collisions
• Electromagnetic effects on meson production: a new tool for studying the space-time evolution of heavy ion collisions
• Local energy-momentum conservation and initial conditions for quark-gluon plasma evolution in nucleus-nucleus collisions at SPS and RHIC BES energies