$D$-dimensions Dirac fermions BEC-BCS cross-over thermodynamics

Abstract

An effective Proca Lagrangian action is used to address the vector condensation Lorentz violation effects on the equation of state of the strongly interacting fermions system. The interior quantum fluctuation effects are incorporated as an external field approximation indirectly through a fictive generalized Thomson Problem counterterm background. The general analytical formulas for the $d$-dimensions thermodynamics are given near the unitary limit region. In the non-relativistic limit for $d=3$, the universal dimensionless coefficient $\xi =4/9$ and energy gap $\Delta /{\epsilon }_f=5/18$ are reasonably consistent with the existed theoretical and experimental results. In the unitary limit for $d=2$ and T=0, the universal coefficient can even approach the extreme occasion $\xi =0$ corresponding to the infinite effective fermion mass $m^{\ast }=\infty$ which can be mapped to the strongly coupled two-dimensions electrons and is quite similar to the three-dimensions Bose-Einstein Condensation of ideal boson gas. Instead, for $d=1$, the universal coefficient $\xi$ is negative, implying the non-existence of phase transition from superfluidity to normal state. The solutions manifest the quantum Ising universal class characteristic of the strongly coupled unitary fermions gas.

Improved version

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