The general solution of the matrix equation $w_t+\sum _{k=1}^n{w}_{x_k}{\rho }^{(k)}(w)=\rho (w)+[w,T\tilde{\rho }(w)]$

Abstract

We construct the general solution of the equation $w_t+\sum _{k=1}^n{w}_{x_k}{\rho }^{(k)}(w)=\rho (w)+[w,T\tilde{\rho }(w)]$, for the $N\times N$ matrix $w$, where $T$ is any constant diagonal matrix, $n, N \in \NN_+$ and $ρ^{(k)}, ρ, \tildeρ: \RR \to \RR$ are arbitrary analytic functions. Such a solution is based on the observation that, as $w$ evolves according to the above equation, the evolution of its spectrum decouples, and it is ruled by the scalar analogue of the above equation. Therefore the eigenvalues of $w$ and suitably normalized eigenvectors are the $N^2$ Riemann invariants. We also obtain, in the case $\rho =\tilde{\rho }=0$, a system of $N^2$ non-differential equations characterizing such a general solution. We finally discuss reductions of the above matrix equation to systems of $N$ equations admitting, as Riemann invariants, the eigenvalues of $w$. The simplest example of such reductions is a particular case of the gas dynamics equations

6 pages

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