Relation between Turán extremum problem and van der Corput sets

Abstract

Let $K\subset \mathbb{N}$ and $\mathbf{T}(K)$ is a set of trigonometric polynomials \[ T(x)=T_0+\sum_{k\in K, k\le H}T_k\cos(2πkx), \qquad H>1, \] $T(x)\ge 0$ for all $x$ and $T(0)=1$. Suppose that $0<h\le 1/2$ and $K(h)$ is the class of functions \[ f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n\cos(2πnx) \] satisfying the following conditions: $a_n\ge 0$ for all $n$, $f(0)=1$ and $f(x)=0$ for $h\le |x|\le 1/2$. We consider an relation between extremum problem \[ δ(K)=\inf_{T\in\mathbf T(K)}T_0 \] and Turán extremum problem \[ A(h)=\sup_{f\in K(h)}a_0=\sup_{f\in K(h)}\int_{-h}^hf(x) dx \] for rational numbers $h=p/q$ and set $K=\bigcup _{\nu =0}^{\infty }\{q\nu +p,...,q\nu +q-p\}$. The problem $\delta (K)$ is connection with van der Korput sets. Van der Korput sets study in analytic number theory.