Action minimizing solutions of the Newtonian n-body problem: from homology to symmetry

Abstract

An action minimizing path between two given configurations, spatial or planar, of the $n$-body problem is always a true -- collision-free -- solution. Based on a remarkable idea of Christian Marchal, this theorem implies the existence of new "simple" symmetric periodic solutions, among which the Eight for 3 bodies, the Hip-Hop for 4 bodies and their generalizations.

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