Normal affine surfaces with ${\mathbf{C}}^{\ast }$-actions

Abstract

A classification of normal affine surfaces admitting a ${\mathbf{C}}^{\ast }$-action was given in the work of Białynicki-Birula, Fieseler and L. Kaup, Orlik and Wagreich, Rynes and others. We provide a simple alternative description of such surfaces in terms of their graded rings as well as by defining equations. This is based on a generalization of the Dolgachev-Pinkham-Demazure construction in the case of a hyperbolic grading. As an apllication we determine the structure of singularities, of the orbits and the divisor class groups for such surfaces.

Uses P.Taylor's diagrams.tex