Cantor Spectrum for the Almost Mathieu Operator. Corollaries of localization,reducibility and duality

Abstract

In this paper we use results on reducibility, localization and duality for the Almost Mathieu operator, \[ (H_{b,ϕ} x)_n= x_{n+1} +x_{n-1} + b \cos(2 πn ω+ ϕ)x_n \] on $l^2(\mathbb{Z})$ and its associated eigenvalue equation to deduce that for $b\ne 0,\pm 2$ and $\omega$ Diophantine the spectrum of the operator is a Cantor subset of the real line. This solves the so-called ``Ten Martini Problem'' for these values of $b$ and $\omega$. Moreover, we prove that for $|b|\ne 0$ small enough or large enough all spectral gaps predicted by the Gap Labelling theorem are open.