Vortex Line Nucleation of First-Order Transition U(1)-Symmetric Field Systems
arXiv:hep-th/9811185 · doi:10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00772-8
Abstract
We show that in field systems with U(1)-symmetry, first-order transitions are nucleated by vortex lines, not bubbles, thus calling for a reinvestigation of the Kibble mechanism for the phase transition of the early universe.
Author Information under http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html . Latest update of paper also at http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/kleiner_re278/preprint.html