paper

On the only three Short Distance Structures which can be described by Linear Operators

arXiv:hep-th/9806013 · doi:10.1016/S0034-4877(99)80025-1

Abstract

We point out that if spatial information is encoded through linear operators , or `infinite-dimensional matrices' with an involution then these can only describe either continuous, discrete or certain "fuzzy" space-time structures. We argue that the fuzzy space structure may be relevant at the Planck scale. The possibility of this fuzzy space-time structure is related to subtle features of infinite dimensional matrices which do not have an analogue in finite dimensions. For example, there is a slightly weaker version of self-adjointness: symmetry, and there is a slightly weaker version of unitarity: isometry. Related to this, we also speculate that the presence of horizons may lead to merely isometric rather than unitary time evolution.

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