On the Imaginary Simple Roots of the Borcherds Algebra $g_{I{I}_{9,1}}$

Abstract

In a recent paper (hep-th/9703084) it was conjectured that the imaginary simple roots of the Borcherds algebra $g_{I{I}_{9,1}}$ at level 1 are its only ones. We here propose an independent test of this conjecture, establishing its validity for all roots of norm $\ge -8$. However, the conjecture fails for roots of norm -10 and beyond, as we show by computing the simple multiplicities down to norm -24, which turn out to be remakably small in comparison with the corresponding $E_{10}$ multiplicities. Our derivation is based on a modified denominator formula combining the denominator formulas for $E_{10}$ and $g_{I{I}_{9,1}}$, and provides an efficient method for determining the imaginary simple roots. In addition, we compute the $E_{10}$ multiplicities of all roots up to height 231, including levels up to $\ell =6$ and norms -42.

14 pages, LaTeX2e, packages amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb, amsthm, xspace, pstricks, longtable; substantially extended, appendix with new $E_{10}$ root multiplicities added