Vacuum polarization and the geometric phase: Gauge invariance
arXiv:hep-th/9702129 · doi:10.1063/1.532354
Abstract
A nonperturbative approach to the vacuum polarization for quantized fermions in external vector potentials is discussed. It is shown that by a suitable choice of counterterms the vacuum polarization phase is both gauge and renormalization independent, within a large class of nonperturbative renormalizations.
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