On tadpoles and vacuum redefinitions in String Theory

Abstract

Tadpoles accompany, in one form or another, all attempts to realize supersymmetry breaking in String Theory, making the present constructions at best incomplete. Whereas these tadpoles are typically large, a closer look at the problem from a perturbative viewpoint has the potential of illuminating at least some of its qualitative features in String Theory. A possible scheme to this effect was proposed long ago by Fischler and Susskind, but incorporating background redefinitions in string amplitudes in a systematic fashion has long proved very difficult. In the first part of this paper, drawing from field theory examples, we thus begin to explore what one can learn by working perturbatively in a ``wrong'' vacuum. While unnatural in Field Theory, this procedure presents evident advantages in String Theory, whose definition in curved backgrounds is mostly beyond reach at the present time. At the field theory level, we also identify and characterize some special choices of vacua where tadpole resummations terminate after a few contributions. In the second part we present a notable example where vacuum redefinitions can be dealt with to some extent at the full string level, providing some evidence for a new link between IIB and 0B orientifolds. We finally show that NS-NS tadpoles do not manifest themselves to lowest order in certain classes of string constructions with broken supersymmetry and parallel branes, including brane-antibrane pairs and brane supersymmetry breaking models, that therefore have UV finite threshold corrections at one loop.

51 pages, LaTeX, 7 eps figures. Typos corrected, refs added. Final version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B. Thanks to W. Mueck for very interesting correspondence. v3 was accidentally in draft format

References in corpus (4)

• Flux-induced SUSY-breaking soft terms on D7-D3 brane systems
• MSSM vacua from Flux Compactifications
• Open strings and their symmetry groups
• Gauge Unification in Extra Dimensions: Power Corrections vs. Higher-Dimension Operators

Cited by in corpus (108)

• Four-dimensional String Compactifications with D-Branes, Orientifolds and Fluxes
• Jumping Through Loops: On Soft Terms from Large Volume Compactifications
• On Volume Stabilization by Quantum Corrections
• Ab initio many-body calculation of the 7Be(p,gamma)8B radiative capture
• Evidence for transfer followed by breakup in 7Li + 65Cu
• Closed Superstring Field Theory and its Applications
• Role of the cluster structure of ${}^7$Li in the dynamics of fragment capture
• Three-body continuum states on a Lagrange mesh
• Integrable Scalar Cosmologies I. Foundations and links with String Theory
• The 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be S-factor at solar energies: the prompt gamma experiment at LUNA
• ${}^3\mathrm{He}(\alpha ,\gamma ){}^7\mathrm{Be}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{H}(\alpha ,\gamma ){}^7\mathrm{Li}$ astrophysical $S$ factors from the no-core shell model with continuum
• CMB Imprints of a Pre-Inflationary Climbing Phase
• On Climbing Scalars in String Theory
• Activation measurement of the 3He(a,g)7Be reaction cross section at high energies
• Can nuclear physics explain the anomaly observed in the internal pair production in the Beryllium-8 nucleus?
• Vibrational quantisation of the B=7 Skyrmion
• Observation of a Be double-Lambda hypernucleus in the J-PARC E07 experiment
• The effective action of D6-branes in N=1 type IIA orientifolds
• Universality of Gauge Thresholds in Non-Supersymmetric Heterotic Vacua
• Brane annihilation in non-supersymmetric strings
• $AdS$ Vacua from Dilaton Tadpoles and Form Fluxes
• On exponential suppression of the cosmological constant in non-SUSY strings at two loops and beyond
• Dynamical Tadpoles, Stringy Cobordism, and the SM from Spontaneous Compactification
• First observation of the hyper superheavy hydrogen 6ΛH
• Effective Field Theory and the Gamow Shell Model: The 6He Halo Nucleus
• Emergence of rotational bands in ab initio no-core configuration interaction calculations of light nuclei
• Above threshold s-wave resonances illustrated by the 1/2${}^{+}$ states in ${}^9$Be and ${}^9$B
• Model Building and Phenomenology of Flux-Induced Supersymmetry Breaking on D3-branes
• 7Be(p,gamma)8B S-factor from ab initio wave functions
• Emergence of Species Scale Black Hole Horizons
• Scherk-Schwarz Breaking and Intersecting Branes
• Can a protophobic vector boson explain the ATOMKI anomaly?
• Gauge thresholds in the presence of oblique magnetic fluxes
• Dynamical Cobordism and the Beginning of Time: Supercritical Strings and Tachyon Condensation
• Pre - Inflationary Clues from String Theory ?
• On Warped String Vacuum Profiles and Cosmologies, II. Non-Supersymmetric Strings
• From infinite to infinitesimal: Using the Universe as a dataset to probe Casimir corrections to the vacuum energy from fields inhabiting the dark dimension
• Feeddown contributions from unstable nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Effective field theory for magnetic compactifications
• Projectile breakup dynamics for ${}^6$Li + ${}^{59}$Co: kinematical analysis of $\alpha$-$d$ coincidences
• Time of primordial Be-7 conversion into Li-7, energy release and doublet of narrow cosmological neutrino lines
• A new study of ${}^{10}$B(p,$\alpha$)${}^7$Be reaction at low energies
• Probing ab initio emergence of nuclear rotation
• Supersymmetry Breaking and Stability in String Vacua: brane dynamics, bubbles and the swampland
• String Perturbation Theory Around Dynamically Shifted Vacuum
• Tadpole Resummations in String Theory
• Multi-particle correlation function to study short-lived nuclei
• The 7Li(n,gamma)8Li Radiative Capture at Astrophysical Energies
• Flux compactifications and naturalness
• Self-Consistent Nuclear Shell-Model Calculation Starting from a Realistic NN Potential
• Small Black Hole Explosions
• Metastable String Vacua
• Two-neutron overlap functions for 6He from a microscopic structure model
• A microscopic three-cluster model with nuclear polarization applied to the resonances of 7Be and the reaction 6Li(p,3He)4He
• 6Li direct breakup lifetimes
• Solar Hydrogen Burning and Neutrinos
• Tree-Level Stability Without Spacetime Fermions: Novel Examples in String Theory
• Superpotential de-sequestering in string models
• Isovector soft dipole mode in 6Be
• Standard Model Compactifications of IIA Z3 x Z3 Orientifolds from Intersecting D6-branes
• Brane SUSY Breaking and Inflation: Implications for Scalar Fields and CMB Distorsion
• On gauge couplings and thresholds in Type I Gepner models and otherwise
• Cosmology and Supergravity
• Electromagnetic response and break-up of light weakly-bound nuclei in a dicluster model
• Geometry of orientifold vacua and supersymmetry breaking
• Non-perturbative transitions among intersecting-brane vacua
• Anatomy of three-body decay II. Decay mechanism and resonance structure
• String Field Theory
• The high-lying ${}^6$Li levels at excitation energy around 21 MeV
• Open Strings and Supersymmetry Breaking
• Complete Normal Ordering 1: Foundations
• Electroweak Currents from Chiral Effective Field Theory
• New results for radiative 3He(2H,gamma)5Li capture at astrophysical energy and its possible role in accumulation of 6Li at the BBN
• Dynamics of two-cluster systems in phase space
• Correlation functions and emission time sequence of light charged particles from projectile-like fragment source in E/A = 44 and 77 MeV 40Ar + 27Al collisions
• Noncommutativity from the string perspective: modification of gravity at a mm without mm sized extra dimensions
• D0-brane recoil revisited
• Fake supersymmetry with tadpole potentials
• One-loop adjoint masses for non-supersymmetric intersecting branes
• Rotational bands beyond the Elliott model
• Nucleon-nucleon resonances at intermediate energies using a complex energy formalism
• Spacetime-Filling Branes in Ten and Nine Dimensions
• Quantum corrections for D-brane models with broken supersymmetry
• Cooper pairs in the Borromean nuclei ${}^6$He and ${}^{11}$Li using continuum single particle level density
• Broad resonances and beta-decay
• Radiative Symmetry Breaking on D-branes at Non-supersymmetric Singularities
• Thermal Duality Transformations and the Canonical Ensemble: The Deconfining Long String Phase Transition
• Spontaneous Gauge Symmetry Breaking in a Non-Supersymmetric D-brane Model
• Fusion Cross Section of $\mathrm{T}(\mathrm{d},\mathrm{n}{)}^4\mathrm{He}$ and ${}^3\mathrm{He}(\mathrm{d},\mathrm{p}{)}^4\mathrm{He}$ Reactions by Four Parameters Formula
• Ab initio calculations of reactions with light nuclei
• Saturation of Coulomb sum rules in the 6^Li case
• Gamma-delayed deuteron emission of the 6Li (0+;T=1) halo state
• Coupled-channel treatment of ${}^7\mathrm{Li}(n,\gamma {)}^8\mathrm{Li}$ in effective field theory
• A multi-channel model for an α plus ${}^6$He nucleus cluster
• Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in String Models with D-branes
• All Order ${\alpha }^{\prime }$ Corrections to Fermionic Couplings of D-brane-Anti-D-brane Effective Actions
• Towards the stabilization of extra dimensions by brane dynamics
• Meromorphic Flux Compactification
• Low-$\ell$ CMB from String-Scale SUSY Breaking?
• Morse-Bott inequalities, Topology Change and Cobordisms to Nothing
• A new picture for 4-dimensional 'spacetime' from intersecting D-branes on the T^9
• At the End of the World: Local Dynamical Cobordism
• Superstrings beyond one loop
• Delayed clusters accompanying nonmesonic weak decay of the $\Lambda$-hypernuclei: a clue to nonleptonic processes
• On D-brane dynamics and moduli stabilization
• Mechanisms for Supersymmetry Breaking in Open String Vacua
• One-loop adjoint masses for branes at non-supersymmetric angles
• Dynamical Tadpoles and Weak Gravity Constraints