Virtual photons to fourth order CHPT with nucleons

Abstract

I discuss the whole mechanism to calculate isospin violation effects in the framework of CHPT. In order to get the correct size of isospin violation one has to include all non-isospin symmetric sources like the electromagnetic interaction, the quark mass difference (${\pi }_0-\eta$ mixing), explicit photon loops. As examples I discuss the electromagnetic contributions to the pion nucleon sigma term and to the S-wave pion nucleon scattering length.

5 pages, talk given at MENU99, 18th International Symposium on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon, Zuoz, August 15-21,1999