The Essential Role of String-Derived Symmetries in Ensuring Proton-Stability and Light Neutrino Masses

Abstract

The paper addresses the problem of suppressing naturally the unsafe d=4 as well as the color-triplet mediated and/or gravity-linked d=5 proton-decay operators, which generically arise in SUSY-unification. It also attempts to give light masses to the neutrinos, of the type suggested by current experiments. It is noted that neither the symmetries in $SO(10)$, nor those in $E_6$, suffice for the purpose -- especially in the matter of suppressing naturally the d=5 proton-decay operators. By contrast, it is shown that a certain {\it string-derived symmetry}, which cannot arise within conventional grand unification, but which does arise within a class of three-generation string-solutions, suffices, in conjuction with $B-L$, to safeguard proton-stability from all potential dangers, including those which may arise through higher dimensional operators and the color-triplets in the infinite tower of states. At the same time, the symmetry in question permits neutrinos to acquire appropriate masses. This shows that {\it string theory plays an essential role in ensuring natural consistency of SUSY-unification with two low-energy observations -- proton-stability and light masses for the neutrinos}. The correlation between the masses of the extra $Z^{\prime }$-boson (or bosons), which arise in these models, and proton-decay rate is noted.

20 pages, plain LaTeX. Footnote 26 expanded to include implication of neutrino-higgsino mixing, and two new footnotes added

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• Building GUTs from strings
• The Fermion Generations Problem in the Gust in the Free World-Sheet Fermion Formulation

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