Formation of Topological Defects with Explicit Symmetry Breaking

Abstract

We demonstrate a novel mechanism for the formation of topological defects in a first order phase transition for theories in the presence of small explicit symmetry breaking terms. We carry out numerical simulations of collisions of two bubbles in 2+1 dimensions for a field theory where U(1) global symmetry is spontaneously as well as explicitly broken. In the coalesced region of bubble walls, field oscillations result in the decay of the coalesced portion in a large number of defects (e.g. ten vortices and anti-vortices). We discuss the implications of our results for axionic strings in the early Universe, for baryon formation in quark-gluon plasma, and for electric or magnetic field.

Latex file, 8 pages, 6 uuencoded postscript figures

References in corpus (3)

• The Cosmological Kibble Mechanism in the Laboratory: String Formation in Liquid Crystals
• Baryon - Antibaryon Production by Disordered Chiral Condensates
• Vortex Production in a First Order Phase-Transition at Finite Temperature

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• Phase Equilibration and Magnetic Field Generation in U(1) Bubble Collisions
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• Vortex-Antivortex Pair Production in a First Order Phase Transition
• Effects of quarks on the formation and evolution of Z(3) walls and strings in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Defect-Antidefect pair production via field oscillations
• Probing Gauge String Formation in a Superconducting Phase Transition
• Experimental determination of correlations between spontaneously formed vortices in a superconductor
• Ultrafast optical generation of antiferromagnetic meron-antimeron pairs with conservation of topological charge
• Simulation of Vortex-Antivortex Pair Production in a Phase Transition with Explicit Symettry Breaking
• Stochastic Production Of Kink-Antikink Pairs In The Presence Of An Oscillating Background
• Nonequilibrium Evolution of Correlation Functions: A Canonical Approach
• Theoretical and Observational Implications of Planck's Constant as a Running Fine Structure Constant
• Forming a Single, Large, DCC Domain in a Heavy-Ion Collision
• The geodesic rule and the spectrum of the vacuum
• Effect of fluctuations on the Geodesic rule for topological defect formation