Magnetic monopoles from gauge theory phase transitions
arXiv:hep-ph/0212130 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.68.021301
Abstract
Thermal fluctuations of the gauge field lead to monopole formation at the grand unified phase transition in the early Universe, even if the transition is merely a smooth crossover. The dependence of the produced monopole density on various parameters is qualitatively different from theories with global symmetries, and the monopoles have a positive correlation at short distances. The number density of monopoles may be suppressed if the grand unified symmetry is only restored for a short time by, for instance, nonthermal symmetry restoration after preheating.
arXiv comment5 pages, updated to match the version published in PRD (http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRD/v68/e021301) on 11 July 2003
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