paper

String models of glueballs and the spectrum of SU(N) gauge theories in 2+1 dimensions

arXiv:hep-ph/0012287 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.66.036006

Abstract

The spectrum of glueballs in 2+1 dimensions is calculated within an extended class of Isgur-Paton flux tube models and is compared to lattice calculations of the low-lying SU(N) glueball mass spectra. Our modifications of the model include a string curvature term and different ways of dealing with the flux tube width. We find that the generic model is remarkably successful at reproducing the positive charge conjugation, C=+, sector of the spectrum. The only large (and robust) discrepancy involves the 0-+ state. This raises the interesting possibility that the lattice spin identification is mistaken and that this state is in fact 4-+. In addition, the Isgur-Paton model does not incorporate any mechanism for splitting C=+ from C=- (in contrast to the case in 3+1 dimensions), while the `observed' spectrum shows a substantial splitting. We explore several modifications of the model in an attempt to incorporate this physics in a natural way. At the qualitative level we find that this constrains our choice to a picture in which the C=+/- splitting is driven by mixing with new states built on closed loops of adjoint flux. However a detailed numerical comparison suggests that a model incorporating an additional direct mixing between loops of opposite orientation is likely to work better; and that, in any case, a non-zero curvature term will be required. We also point out that a characteristic of any string model of glueballs is that the SU(N=infinity) mass spectrum will consist of multiple towers of states that are scaled up copies of each other. To test this will require a lattice mass spectrum that extends to somewhat larger masses than currently available.

29 pages. Compressed version for publication. See V.1 for useful extra details

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