The Stefan-Boltzmann law in a small box and the pressure deficit in hot SU(N) lattice gauge theory
arXiv:hep-lat/0701020 · doi:10.1088/1751-8113/40/19/F01
Abstract
The blackbody radiation in a box L^3 with periodic boundary conditions in thermal equilibrium at a temperature T is affected by finite-size effects. These bring about modifications of the thermodynamic functions which can be expressed in a closed form in terms of the dimensionless parameter LT. For instance, when LT~4 - corresponding to the value where the most reliable SU(N) gauge lattice simulations have been performed above the deconfining temperature T_c - the deviation of the free energy density from its thermodynamic limit is about 5%. This may account for almost half of the pressure deficit observed in lattice simulations at T~ 4 T_c.
9 pages, 2 figures v2:a side remark on the final result and references added