Experimental Tests of Asymptotic Freedom

Abstract

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the gauge field theory of the Strong Interaction, has specific features, asymptotic freedom and confinement, which determine the behaviour of quarks and gluons in particle reactions at high and at low energy scales. QCD predicts that the strong coupling strength $\as$ decreases with increasing energy or momentum transfer, and vanishes at asymptotically high energies. In this review, the history and the status of experimental tests of asymptotic freedom are summarised. The world summary of measurements of $\as$ is updated, leading to an unambiguous verification of the running of $\as$ and of asymptotic freedom, in excellent agreement with the predictions of QCD. Averaging a set of measurements balanced between different particle processes and the available energy range, results in a new and improved world average of $\amz = 0.1189 \pm 0.0010 .$

38 pages, 18 figures

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• A measurement of $alph{a}_s(Q^2)$ from the Gross-Llewellyn Smith Sum Rule
• Tests of Quantum Chromo Dynamics at e^+e^- Colliders
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• 50 Years of Quantum Chromodynamics
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• Phenomenology of a very light scalar (100 MeV $<m_h<$ 10 GeV) mixing with the SM Higgs
• The Determination of alpha_s from Tau Decays Revisited
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• Gluon Condensates and m_{c,b} from QCD-Moments and their ratios to Order alpha_s^3 and <G^4>
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• Infrared structure of e+e- --> 3 jets at NNLO
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• First determination of the strong coupling constant using NNLO predictions for hadronic event shapes in e^+e^- annihilations
• Logarithmically Enhanced Corrections to the Decay Rate and Forward Backward Asymmetry in anti-B --> X(s) l+ l-
• Gluon condensates and c, b quark masses from quarkonia ratios of moments
• The Beam Thrust Cross Section for Drell-Yan at NNLL Order
• The Chiral Restoration Transition of QCD and Low Mass Dileptons
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• World Summary of ${\alpha }_s$ (2012)
• Unraveling duality violations in hadronic tau decays
• Determination of the Strong Coupling \boldmath{\as} from hadronic Event Shapes and NNLO QCD predictions using JADE Data
• Update: Accurate Determinations of alpha_s from Realistic Lattice QCD
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• Bound state approach to the QCD coupling at low energy scales
• Recoil Detection of the Lightest Neutralino in MSSM Singlet Extensions
• QCD coupling below 1 GeV from quarkonium spectrum
• Bjorken Sum Rule and pQCD frontier on the move
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• Unanswered Questions in the Electroweak Theory
• Precision Calculations in Supersymmetric Theories
• Collider Signals of Gravitational Fixed Points
• Matching NLLA+NNLO for event shape distributions
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• Inclusive-jet cross sections in NC DIS at HERA and a comparison of the kT, anti-kT and SIScone jet algorithms
• Matching coefficients for alpha_s and m_b to O(alpha_s^2) in the MSSM
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• Electroweak corrections to hadronic event shapes and jet production in e+e- annihilation
• Determining the Sign of the Z-Penguin Amplitude
• NNLO QCD contributions to the flavor non-singlet sector of ${\mathbf{F}}_2(\mathbf{x},{\mathbf{Q}}^2)$
• Correlations between epsilon'/epsilon and Rare K Decays in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity
• QCD sum rules for rho mesons in vacuum and in-medium, re-examined
• The QCD beta-function from global solutions to Dyson-Schwinger equations
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• Study of moments of event shapes and a determination of \as using \epem annihilation data from \Jade
• Running of ${\alpha }_s$ and $m_b$ in the MSSM
• QCD Effective Coupling in the Infrared Region
• Light Scalars at FASER
• Hubble Parameter in QCD Universe for finite Bulk Viscosity
• Changing patterns in electroweak precision with new color-charged states: Oblique corrections and the $W$ boson mass
• Analytic Perturbation Theory for Practitioners and Upsilon Decay
• High-E_T dijet photoproduction at HERA
• Tests of analytical hadronisation models using event shape moments in {\epem} annihilation
• The strong equivalence principle from gravitational gauge structure
• Effects of Unparticles on Running of Gauge Couplings
• Glitching pulsars: unraveling the interactions of general relativity with quantum fields in the strong field regimes
• Multi-jet cross sections in charged current e+-p scattering at HERA
• e^+ e^- -> 3 jets and event shapes at NNLO
• Glitches: the exact quantum signatures of pulsars metamorphosis
• Hybrid stars and QCD phase transition with a NJL-like model
• Azimuthal quadrupole correlation from gluon interference in 200 GeV and 7 TeV p+p collisions
• Squarks and gluinos at a TeV e+e- collider: Testing the identity of Yukawa and gauge couplings in SUSY-QCD
• Production and elliptic flow of heavy quarks at RHIC and LHC within a partonic transport model
• Evidence for pulsars metamorphism and their possible connection to black holes and dark matter in cosmology
• Measurement of sigma_Total in e+e- Annihilations Below 10.56 GeV
• α_S from LEP
• The nucleon properties in finite temperature and density with Gaussian fluctuations
• NNLO QCD corrections to event shape variables in electron positron annihilation
• Heavy quarkonium decay $V\to ggg$ with both relativistic and QCD radiative corrections
• Universality in the Electroproduction of Vector Mesons
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• Nuclear Reactions at Intermediate Energies
• SU(3) Gauge Symmetry: An Experimental Review of Diffractive Physics in e+p, p+p, p+A, and A+A Collision Systems