The tortoise coordinates and the cauchy problem in the stable study of the Schwarzschild black hole

Abstract

Generally, the Schwarzschild black hole was proved stable through two different methods: the mode-decomposition method and the integral method. In the paper, we show the integral method can only apply to the initial data vanishing at both the horizon and the spatial infinity. It can not treat the initial data only vanishing at the spatial infinity. We give an example to show the misleading information caused by the use of the tortoise coordinates in the perturbation equations. Subsequently, the perturbation equation in the Schwarzschild coordinates is shown not sufficient for the stable study.