Radiation Pressure Supported Stars in Einstein Gravity: Eternally Collapsing Objects

Abstract

Even when we consider Newtonian stars, i.e., stars with surface gravitational redshift, z<< 1, it is well known that, theoretically, it is possible to have stars, supported against self-gravity, almost entirely by radiation pressure. However, such Newtonian stars must necessarily be supermassive. We point out that this requirement for excessive large M, in Newtonian case, is a consequence of the occurrence of low z<< 1. On the other hand, if we remove such restrictions, and allow for possible occurrence highly general relativistic regime, z >> 1, we show that, it is possible to have radiation pressure supported stars at arbitrary value of M. Since radiation pressure supported stars necessarily radiate at the Eddington limit, in Einstein gravity, they are never in strict hydrodynamical equilibrium. Further, it is believed that sufficiently massive or dense objects undergo continued gravitational collapse to the Black Hole stage characterized by z =infty. Thus, late stages of Black Hole formation, by definition, will have, z >> 1, and hence would be examples of quasi-stable general relativistic RPSSs. This result is also supported by with our previous finding that that trapped surfaces are not formed in gravitational collapse and the value of the integration constant in the vacuum Schwarzschild solution is zero. Hence the supposed observed BHs are actually ECOs.

Minor chages in proof. Discusses why the observed BHs are actually ECOs and Chandrasekhar limit is not applicable to them

References in corpus (4)

• Dynamics of dissipative gravitational collapse
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• A generic relation between baryonic and radiative energy densities of stars
• On the Final State of Spherical Gravitational Collapse

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• The fallacy of Oppenheimer Snyder Collapse: no general relativistic Collapse at all, no black hole, no physical singularity
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• Thermal Radiation from Compact Objects in Curved Space-Time
• How to distinguish an actual astrophysical magnetized black hole mimicker from a true (theoretical) black hole
• A Model of Dustlike Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Collapse without Event Horizon Formation
• Mass of Schwarzschild Black Holes Is Indeed Zero And Black Hole Candidates Are Quasi Black Holes
• Masses of radiation pressure supported stars in extreme relativistic realm