A varying-c cosmology

Abstract

We develop a new model for the Universe based on two key assumptions: first, the inertial energy of the Universe is a constant, and second, the total energy of a particle, the inertial plus the gravitational potential energy produced by the other mass in the Universe, is zero. This model allows the speed of light and the total mass of the Universe to vary as functions of cosmological time, where we assume the gravitational constant to be a constant. By means of these assumptions, the relations between the scale factor and the other parameters are derived. The Einstein equation, by making it compatible with varying-$c$, is used and the Friedmann equations in this model are obtained. Assuming the matter content of the Universe to be perfect fluids, the model fixes $\gamma$ to be 2/3. That is, the whole Universe always exhibits a negative pressure. Moreover, the behavior of the scale factor is the same for any value of the curvature. It is also shown that the Universe began from a big bang with zero initial mass and expands forever even with positive curvature, but it is always decelerating. At the end, solutions to some famous problems, mainly of the standard big bang model, and an explanation for the observational data about the accelerating Universe are provided.

11 pages

References in corpus (19)

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Cited by in corpus (12)

• The minimally extended Varying Speed of Light (meVSL)
• Variable Speed of Light Cosmology, Primordial Fluctuations and Gravitational Waves
• Observational constraint on the varying speed of light theory
• The cosmological evolution condition of the Planck constant in the varying speed of light models through adiabatic expansion
• Testing a varying-$\Lambda$ model for dark energy within Co-varying Physical Couplings framework
• Cosmological Constant Implementing Mach Principle in General Relativity
• Ether and Relativity
• Revisiting Varying Speed of Light in Cosmology: Insights from the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker Metric
• Perturbation Theory in the Minimally Extended Varying Speed of Light (meVSL) Model
• The Variable-c Cosmology as a Solution to Pioneer Anomaly
• Perfect Fluid FRW with Time-varying Constants Revisited
• Black holes in the varying speed of light theory