Circle-valued Morse theory, Reidemeister torsion, and Seiberg-Witten invariants of 3-manifolds

Abstract

Let X be a compact oriented Riemannian manifold and let $\varphi :X\to S^1$ be a circle-valued Morse function. Under some mild assumptions on $\varphi$, we prove a formula relating: (a) the number of closed orbits of the gradient flow of $\varphi$ of any given degree; (b) the torsion of a ``Morse complex'', which counts gradient flow lines between critical points of $\varphi$; and (c) a kind of Reidemeister torsion of X determined by the homotopy class of $\varphi$. When $\dim (X)=3$ and $b_1(X)>0$, we state a conjecture analogous to Taubes's ``SW=Gromov'' theorem, and we use it to deduce (for closed manifolds, modulo signs) the Meng-Taubes relation between the Seiberg- Witten invariants and the ``Milnor torsion'' of X.

arXiv comment35 pages, AMS-LaTeX (one hand-drawn figure available on request)