NLTK: The Natural Language Toolkit

Abstract

NLTK, the Natural Language Toolkit, is a suite of open source program modules, tutorials and problem sets, providing ready-to-use computational linguistics courseware. NLTK covers symbolic and statistical natural language processing, and is interfaced to annotated corpora. Students augment and replace existing components, learn structured programming by example, and manipulate sophisticated models from the outset.

8 pages, 1 figure, Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Effective Tools and Methodologies for Teaching Natural Language Processing and Computational Linguistics, Philadelphia, July 2002, Association for Computational Linguistics

References in corpus (1)

• Creating Annotation Tools with the Annotation Graph Toolkit

Cited by in corpus (196)

• HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing
• Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
• Applications of deep learning in stock market prediction: recent progress
• PadChest: A large chest x-ray image dataset with multi-label annotated reports
• The Pile: An 800GB Dataset of Diverse Text for Language Modeling
• Protection Against Reconstruction and Its Applications in Private Federated Learning
• What is Wrong with Topic Modeling? (and How to Fix it Using Search-based Software Engineering)
• NL4DV: A Toolkit for Generating Analytic Specifications for Data Visualization from Natural Language Queries
• Self-Training for End-to-End Speech Recognition
• Clinical Concept Extraction: a Methodology Review
• An automated pipeline for the discovery of conspiracy and conspiracy theory narrative frameworks: Bridgegate, Pizzagate and storytelling on the web
• Supervised and Unsupervised Neural Approaches to Text Readability
• CoaCor: Code Annotation for Code Retrieval with Reinforcement Learning
• Leveraging Weakly Annotated Data for Fashion Image Retrieval and Label Prediction
• An Empirical Study of Developer Discussions on Low-Code Software Development Challenges
• PyThaiNLP: Thai Natural Language Processing in Python
• FIVR: Fine-grained Incident Video Retrieval
• An Online Multilingual Hate speech Recognition System
• StaQC: A Systematically Mined Question-Code Dataset from Stack Overflow
• BanFakeNews: A Dataset for Detecting Fake News in Bangla
• How Do I Refactor This? An Empirical Study on Refactoring Trends and Topics in Stack Overflow
• How We Refactor and How We Document it? On the Use of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms to Classify Refactoring Documentation
• Harnessing the Power of Hugging Face Transformers for Predicting Mental Health Disorders in Social Networks
• BERT-Based Sentiment Analysis: A Software Engineering Perspective
• How to "DODGE" Complex Software Analytics?
• Sentiment Analysis Tools in Software Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study
• Automated Software Vulnerability Assessment with Concept Drift
• Equal But Not The Same: Understanding the Implicit Relationship Between Persuasive Images and Text
• Dank or Not? -- Analyzing and Predicting the Popularity of Memes on Reddit
• Quantifying the informativeness for biomedical literature summarization: An itemset mining method
• Development and Application of Sentiment Analysis Tools in Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review
• Information Extraction in Illicit Domains
• Convolutional Spatial Attention Model for Reading Comprehension with Multiple-Choice Questions
• SEOpinion: Summarization and Exploration Opinion of E-Commerce Websites
• StoryChat: Designing a Narrative-Based Viewer Participation Tool for Live Streaming Chatrooms
• Auto-captions on GIF: A Large-scale Video-sentence Dataset for Vision-language Pre-training
• Unsupervised Multimodal Representation Learning across Medical Images and Reports
• scb-mt-en-th-2020: A Large English-Thai Parallel Corpus
• EVIL: Exploiting Software via Natural Language
• Emotion Dynamics in Movie Dialogues
• Abstractive Summarization of Spoken and Written Instructions with BERT
• Simpler Hyperparameter Optimization for Software Analytics: Why, How, When?
• Stance detection in online discussions
• Can We Generate Shellcodes via Natural Language? An Empirical Study
• Statistical Analysis on E-Commerce Reviews, with Sentiment Classification using Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)
• Multilingual Twitter Corpus and Baselines for Evaluating Demographic Bias in Hate Speech Recognition
• Evaluating Airline Service Quality Through the Comprehensive Text-mining and TOPSIS-VIKOR-AISM Analysis
• CliNER 2.0: Accessible and Accurate Clinical Concept Extraction
• Recent Advances in Named Entity Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey and Comparative Study
• Sentiment and structure in word co-occurrence networks on Twitter
• TexSmart: A Text Understanding System for Fine-Grained NER and Enhanced Semantic Analysis
• Impact Of Content Features For Automatic Online Abuse Detection
• KELM: Knowledge Enhanced Pre-Trained Language Representations with Message Passing on Hierarchical Relational Graphs
• Implicit Dimension Identification in User-Generated Text with LSTM Networks
• Incivility Detection in Open Source Code Review and Issue Discussions
• Discriminative Sentence Modeling for Story Ending Prediction
• Algorithmic Detection of Computer Generated Text
• Human-interpretable clustering of short-text using large language models
• Smarnet: Teaching Machines to Read and Comprehend Like Human
• Automatic Classification of Pathology Reports using TF-IDF Features
• Capability-based Frameworks for Industrial Robot Skills: a Survey
• Verb Argument Structure Alternations in Word and Sentence Embeddings
• Topic Discovery in Massive Text Corpora Based on Min-Hashing
• EDS-MEMBED: Multi-sense embeddings based on enhanced distributional semantic structures via a graph walk over word senses
• Myers-Briggs personality classification from social media text using pre-trained language models
• Semi-Supervised Learning for Neural Keyphrase Generation
• Intersectional Bias in Causal Language Models
• Exploring usability of Reddit in data science and knowledge processing
• Part-of-Speech Tagging on an Endangered Language: a Parallel Griko-Italian Resource
• Improving Description-based Person Re-identification by Multi-granularity Image-text Alignments
• LMSanitator: Defending Prompt-Tuning Against Task-Agnostic Backdoors
• Visual Text Correction
• An Event Detection Approach Based On Twitter Hashtags
• Learning to Adapt Domain Shifts of Moral Values via Instance Weighting
• DExperts: Decoding-Time Controlled Text Generation with Experts and Anti-Experts
• TLDR: Token Loss Dynamic Reweighting for Reducing Repetitive Utterance Generation
• Emotional Intensity analysis in Bipolar subjects
• Situated Data, Situated Systems: A Methodology to Engage with Power Relations in Natural Language Processing Research
• Anti-Sexism Alert System: Identification of Sexist Comments on Social Media Using AI Techniques
• Lacking the embedding of a word? Look it up into a traditional dictionary
• Dialogue Act Recognition via CRF-Attentive Structured Network
• Inducing Distant Supervision in Suggestion Mining through Part-of-Speech Embeddings
• Natural Language Generation with Neural Variational Models
• An Anthological Review of Research Utilizing MontyLingua, a Python-Based End-to-End Text Processor
• Explicit Utilization of General Knowledge in Machine Reading Comprehension
• Bidirectional Recurrent Models for Offensive Tweet Classification
• Can We Count on Social Media Metrics? First Insights into the Active Scholarly Use of Social Media
• What Makes a Good TODO Comment?
• Empathic AI Painter: A Computational Creativity System with Embodied Conversational Interaction
• AttnConvnet at SemEval-2018 Task 1: Attention-based Convolutional Neural Networks for Multi-label Emotion Classification
• Improving Weakly Supervised Visual Grounding by Contrastive Knowledge Distillation
• Clinical Text Summarization with Syntax-Based Negation and Semantic Concept Identification
• Mind the GAP: A Balanced Corpus of Gendered Ambiguous Pronouns
• Dictionary-Guided Editing Networks for Paraphrase Generation
• Natural Language Multitasking: Analyzing and Improving Syntactic Saliency of Hidden Representations
• IDEA: Increasing Text Diversity via Online Multi-Label Recognition for Vision-Language Pre-training
• Recommender systems and reinforcement learning for human-building interaction and context-aware support: A text mining-driven review of scientific literature
• Textually Enriched Neural Module Networks for Visual Question Answering
• Code to Comment "Translation": Data, Metrics, Baselining & Evaluation
• Detecting English Writing Styles For Non-native Speakers
• Word Embedding based New Corpus for Low-resourced Language: Sindhi
• Large-Scale News Classification using BERT Language Model: Spark NLP Approach
• Contextualized Word Embeddings Encode Aspects of Human-Like Word Sense Knowledge
• SWAT: A System for Detecting Salient Wikipedia Entities in Texts
• Mark my Word: A Sequence-to-Sequence Approach to Definition Modeling
• Discourse-Wizard: Discovering Deep Discourse Structure in your Conversation with RNNs
• A Taxonomy of Empathetic Response Intents in Human Social Conversations
• Dartmouth CS at WNUT-2020 Task 2: Informative COVID-19 Tweet Classification Using BERT
• BOK-VQA: Bilingual outside Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering via Graph Representation Pretraining
• An ASR-Based Tutor for Learning to Read: How to Optimize Feedback to First Graders
• Mapping Unparalleled Clinical Professional and Consumer Languages with Embedding Alignment
• KGPT: Knowledge-Grounded Pre-Training for Data-to-Text Generation
• Highly Fast Text Segmentation With Pairwise Markov Chains
• A General Model for Aggregating Annotations Across Simple, Complex, and Multi-Object Annotation Tasks
• Towards a Better Metric for Evaluating Question Generation Systems
• The Software Heritage License Dataset (2022 Edition)
• Joint Effects of Context and User History for Predicting Online Conversation Re-entries
• Hierarchical Density Order Embeddings
• Article citation study: Context enhanced citation sentiment detection
• Microsoft AI Challenge India 2018: Learning to Rank Passages for Web Question Answering with Deep Attention Networks
• BLEU is Not Suitable for the Evaluation of Text Simplification
• Predicting the Programming Language of Questions and Snippets of StackOverflow Using Natural Language Processing
• SSCR: Iterative Language-Based Image Editing via Self-Supervised Counterfactual Reasoning
• Antibody Watch: Text Mining Antibody Specificity from the Literature
• TMIXT: A process flow for Transcribing MIXed handwritten and machine-printed Text
• Longitudinal Analysis of Discussion Topics in an Online Breast Cancer Community using Convolutional Neural Networks
• Exploring Stereotypes and Biased Data with the Crowd
• Enhanced Labeling Technique for Reddit Text and Fine-Tuned Longformer Models for Classifying Depression Severity in English and Luganda
• Attention-based Ingredient Phrase Parser
• BNLP: Natural language processing toolkit for Bengali language
• Towards Property-Based Tests in Natural Language
• A Diverse Corpus for Evaluating and Developing English Math Word Problem Solvers
• Linguistic Characterization of Divisive Topics Online: Case Studies on Contentiousness in Abortion, Climate Change, and Gun Control
• Scene Graph Generation for Better Image Captioning?
• SemEval-2021 Task 4: Reading Comprehension of Abstract Meaning
• Abusive Language Detection in Heterogeneous Contexts: Dataset Collection and the Role of Supervised Attention
• The Geometry of Distributed Representations for Better Alignment, Attenuated Bias, and Improved Interpretability
• Low-Resource Sequence Labeling via Unsupervised Multilingual Contextualized Representations
• WhatTheWikiFact: Fact-Checking Claims Against Wikipedia
• Discriminating Between Similar Nordic Languages
• Absit invidia verbo: Comparing Deep Learning methods for offensive language
• Knowledgeable Dialogue Reading Comprehension on Key Turns
• Video Question Generation via Cross-Modal Self-Attention Networks Learning
• Zero-Shot Open Entity Typing as Type-Compatible Grounding
• A Natural Language Corpus of Common Grounding under Continuous and Partially-Observable Context
• Semantic Parsing with Dual Learning
• Relational Learning and Feature Extraction by Querying over Heterogeneous Information Networks
• INFODENS: An Open-source Framework for Learning Text Representations
• Data Mining of Causal Relations from Text: Analysing Maritime Accident Investigation Reports
• A Hierarchical Self-attentive Convolution Network for Review Modeling in Recommendation Systems
• The data paper as a socio-linguistic epistemic object: A content analysis on the rhetorical moves used in data paper abstracts
• Multi-turn Dialogue Reading Comprehension with Pivot Turns and Knowledge
• An OLAC Extension for Dravidian Languages
• Eyes are the Windows to the Soul: Predicting the Rating of Text Quality Using Gaze Behaviour
• Semantic Structural Evaluation for Text Simplification
• Fine-grained lesion annotation in CT images with knowledge mined from radiology reports
• TNNT: The Named Entity Recognition Toolkit
• Interpretable Visual Question Answering by Visual Grounding from Attention Supervision Mining
• Weakly supervised one-stage vision and language disease detection using large scale pneumonia and pneumothorax studies
• Stay On-Topic: Generating Context-specific Fake Restaurant Reviews
• Towards an Automated SOAP Note: Classifying Utterances from Medical Conversations
• To Be or Not To Be a Verbal Multiword Expression: A Quest for Discriminating Features
• Text Embedding Inversion Security for Multilingual Language Models
• A Systematic Media Frame Analysis of 1.5 Million New York Times Articles from 2000 to 2017
• Noisy-Labeled NER with Confidence Estimation
• Text-to-Audio Grounding: Building Correspondence Between Captions and Sound Events
• Improving Computer Generated Dialog with Auxiliary Loss Functions and Custom Evaluation Metrics
• Perceptual Score: What Data Modalities Does Your Model Perceive?
• Deep learning with sentence embeddings pre-trained on biomedical corpora improves the performance of finding similar sentences in electronic medical records
• Self-Organizing Maps with Variable Input Length for Motif Discovery and Word Segmentation
• Empathetic Dialogue Generation with Pre-trained RoBERTa-GPT2 and External Knowledge
• WIKIR: A Python toolkit for building a large-scale Wikipedia-based English Information Retrieval Dataset
• TIFTI: A Framework for Extracting Drug Intervals from Longitudinal Clinic Notes
• Universal Word Segmentation: Implementation and Interpretation
• Large-scale Generative Modeling to Improve Automated Veterinary Disease Coding
• Holistic and Comprehensive Annotation of Clinically Significant Findings on Diverse CT Images: Learning from Radiology Reports and Label Ontology
• Unsupervised domain-agnostic identification of product names in social media posts
• Abstractified Multi-instance Learning (AMIL) for Biomedical Relation Extraction
• Leveraging Aspect Phrase Embeddings for Cross-Domain Review Rating Prediction
• Interpreting Language Models Through Knowledge Graph Extraction
• Empowering OLAC Extension using Anusaaraka and Effective text processing using Double Byte coding
• Evaluating Computational Language Models with Scaling Properties of Natural Language
• Wildlife Product Trading in Online Social Networks: A Case Study on Ivory-Related Product Sales Promotion Posts
• An MML-based tool for evaluating the complexity of (stochastic) logic theories
• A Scalable, Flexible Augmentation of the Student Education Process
• AI-based Monitoring and Response System for Hospital Preparedness towards COVID-19 in Southeast Asia
• Spatial Attention as an Interface for Image Captioning Models
• COVID19-HPSMP: COVID-19 Adopted Hybrid and Parallel Deep Information Fusion Framework for Stock Price Movement Prediction
• SemanticZ at SemEval-2016 Task 3: Ranking Relevant Answers in Community Question Answering Using Semantic Similarity Based on Fine-tuned Word Embeddings
• MeToo Tweets Sentiment Analysis Using Multi Modal frameworks
• T-EMDE: Sketching-based global similarity for cross-modal retrieval
• DrugDBEmbed : Semantic Queries on Relational Database using Supervised Column Encodings
• Clustering Airbnb Reviews
• Enhancing keyword correlation for event detection in social networks using SVD and k-means: Twitter case study
• In Search for Linear Relations in Sentence Embedding Spaces
• A Dialogue Annotation Scheme for Weight Management Chat using the Trans-Theoretical Model of Health Behavior Change