The Theory of Superfluidity of ${}^4$Helium

Abstract

I present here a microscopic theory for the superfluidity of ${}^4$He (He II) derived from experiments, and answer its essential questions. With a "momenton" model, the superfluid is shown to feature as a "harmonic superfluid". In which a new bonding type, the "superfluid bond", is formed. Its activation causes the anomalous thermal excitation, the large excess of specific heat, etc. The superfluidity mechanism is recognized being connected to a quantum confinement effect. The theory predicts the basic properties of He II in overall agreements with experiments. The series novel concepts evolved here reverse the current perceptions of ${}^4$He, give significant impact to the understandings of other superfluids.

4 pages (submitted to Phys Rev Lett), APS e-print: aps1999jan06_002, APS March Meeting: EC06 *** changes of this re-sub: provided 4 figure files, changed TeX file to "tighten style"