Vortex Loop Phase Transitions in Liquid Helium, Cosmic Strings, and High-T_c Superconductors

Abstract

The distribution of thermally excited vortex loops near a superfluid phase transition is calculated from a renormalized theory. The number density of loops with a given perimeter is found to change from exponential decay with increasing perimeter to algebraic decay as T_c is approached, in agreement with recent simulations of both cosmic strings and high-T_c superconductors. Predictions of the value of the exponent of the algebraic decay at T_c and of critical behavior in the vortex density are confirmed by the simulations, giving strong support to the vortex-folding model proposed by Shenoy.

Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett, with a number of corrections and additions

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• The Thermodynamics of Cosmic String densities in U(1) Scalar Field Theory
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