Fluctuative Mechanism of Vortex Nucleation in the Flow of ${}^{4}He$

Abstract

We propose a mechanism of a vortex nucleation in a flow of a superfluid ${}^{4}He$. The mechanism is related to the creation by critical fluctuations of a "plasma" of half-vortex rings located near the wall. The "plasma" screens the attraction of the vortex to the wall and permits vortex nucleation. In the spirit of Williams-Shenoy theory we derive the scaling laws in the critical region and estimate the scaling relation and the critical exponent $p$ for critical velocity; we find $V_c\sim V_0(1-T/T_c)$, so that $p=1$. Various applications of the obtained results are discussed.

arXiv comment16 pages (Latex,Revtex), appears Physical Review Letters, v76, N13 (1996)

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