Surface Region of Superfluid Helium as an Inhomogeneous Bose-Condensed Gas

Abstract

We present arguments that the low density surface region of self-bounded superfluid ${}^4$He systems is an inhomogeneous dilute Bose gas, with almost all of the atoms occupying the same single-particle state at $T=0$. Numerical evidence for this complete Bose-Einstein condensation was first given by the many-body variational calculations of ${}^4$He droplets by Lewart, Pandharipande and Pieper in 1988. We show that the low density surface region can be treated rigorously using a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the Bose order parameter.

4 pages, 1 Postscript figure

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