Supercurrent States in 1D Finite-Size Rings
arXiv:cond-mat/9506059 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.53.13091
Abstract
We consider topological supercurrent excitations (SC) in 1D mesoscopic rings. Under certain conditions such excitations are well-defined except for (i) a tunneling between resonating states with clockwise and anti-clockwise currents, which may be characterized by the amplitude , and (ii) a decay of SC assisted by phonons of the substrate, both effects being macroscopically small. Most attention is paid to the calculation of the macroscopic scaling of (the main superfluid characteristic of a mesoscopic system) under different conditions: a commensurate system, a system with single impurity, and a disordered system. The results are in a very good agreement with the exact-diagonalization spectra of the boson Hubbard models. Apart from really 1D electron wires we discuss two other important experimental systems: the 2D electron gas in the FQHE state and quasi-1D superconducting rings. We suggest some experimental setups for studying SC, e.g., via persistent current measurements, resonant electro-magnetic absorption or echo signals, and relaxation of the metastable current states.
35 pages, RevTex, 8 figures upon request from [email protected]
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