Temperature dependent gap anisotropy in Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$ O${}_{8+x}$ as evidence for a mixed-symmetry ground state

Abstract

In a recent experiment, Ma et al. measured the temperature dependence of the gap anisotropy of oxygen-annealed Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+x}$. Their measurements were taken along the two directions $\Gamma -M$ and $\Gamma -X$. They found that the gap along both directions is nonzero at low temperatures and that the ratio is strongly temperature dependent. We show, using Ginzburg-Landau theory, that this behavior can be obtained if one assumes the existence of s-wave and d-wave components for the order parameter. Our theory predicts orthorhombic anisotropy in the gap and anomalous behavior for the electronic specific heat below T${}_c$.

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