Observable and hidden singular features of large fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems

Abstract

We study local features, and provide a topological insight into the global structure of the probability density distribution and of the pattern of the optimal paths for large rare fluctuations away from a stable state. In contrast to extremal paths in quantum mechanics, the optimal paths do {\it not} encounter caustics. We show how this occurs, and what, instead of caustics, are the experimentally observable singularities of the pattern. We reveal the possibility for a caustic and a switching line to start at a saddle point, and discuss the consequences.

10 pages, 3 ps figures by request, LaTeX Article Format (In press, Phys. Lett. A)

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• The Escape Problem for Irreversible Systems
• Transport and current reversal in stochastically driven ratchets
• The Effect of Focusing and Caustics on Exit Phenomena in Systems Lacking Detailed Balance

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