Density Patterns in Granular Media
arXiv:cond-mat/9302005
Abstract
Recent experiments by Baxter et al. showed the existence of density waves in granular material flowing out of a hopper. We show, using Molecular Dynamics Simulations, that this effect is a consequence of static friction and find that these density fluctuations follow a spectrum. The effect is enhanced when the opening angle of the hopper decreases.
7 pages, plain TeX