Knotted Solitons in a Charged Two-Condensate Bose System
arXiv:cond-mat/0703475 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144508
Abstract
By making use of the decomposition of U(1) gauge potential theory and the ϕmapping method, we propose that a charged two-condensate Bose system possesses vortex lines and two classes of knotted solitons. The topological charges of the vortex lines are characterized by the Hopf indices and the Brower degrees of ϕ-mapping, and the knotted solitons are described by the nontrivial Hopf invariant and the BF action, respectively.
12 pages,0 figures