Equilibrium Theory for a Particle Pulled by a Moving Optical Trap

Abstract

The viscous drag on a colloidal particle pulled through solution by an optical trap is large enough that on experimentally relavant time scales the mechanical force exerted by the trap is equal and op- posite the viscous drag force. The rapid mechanical equilibritation allows the system to be modeled using equilibrium theory, where the effects of the energy dissipation (thermodynamic disequilibrium) show up only in the coordinate transformations that map the system from the laboratory frame of reference, relative to which the particle is moving, to a frame of reference in which the particle is, on average, stationary and on which the stochastic dynamics is governed by a canonical equilib- rium distribution function. The simple equations in the stationary frame can be analyzed using the Onsager-Machlup theory for stochastic systems and provide generalizations of equilibrium and near equilibrium concepts such as detailed balance and fluctuation-dissipation relations applicable to a wide range of systems including molecular motors, pumps, and other nano-scale machines.

2 figures

References in corpus (5)

• A nonequilibrium equality for free energy differences
• The Entropy Production Fluctuation Theorem and the Nonequilibrium Work Relation for Free Energy Differences
• Brownian motors: noisy transport far from equilibrium
• Stationary and Transient Work-Fluctuation Theorems for a Dragged Brownian Particle
• The unreasonable effectiveness of equilibrium-like theory for interpreting non-equilibrium experiments

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Boundary layers in stochastic thermodynamics
• Measurement of work in single-molecule experiments
• Rectification and non-Gaussian diffusion in heterogeneous media
• Microcanonical work and fluctuation relations for an open system: An exactly solvable model
• Transient State Work Fluctuation Theorem for a Driven Classical System