Minimal Work Principle and its Limits for Classical Systems
arXiv:cond-mat/0607579 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.75.051124
Abstract
The minimal work principle asserts that work done on a thermally isolated equilibrium system, is minimal for the slowest (adiabatic) realization of a given process. This principle, one of the formulations of the second law, is operationally well-defined for any finite (few particle) Hamiltonian system. Within classical Hamiltonian mechanics, we show that the principle is valid for a system of which the observable of work is an ergodic function. For non-ergodic systems the principle may or may not hold, depending on additional conditions. Examples displaying the limits of the principle are presented and their direct experimental realizations are discussed.
4 + epsilon pages, 1 figure, revtex
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