Charge reversal of colloidal particles

Abstract

A theory is presented for the effective charge of colloidal particles in suspensions containing multivalent counterions. It is shown that if colloids are sufficiently strongly charged, the number of condensed multivalent counterion can exceed the bare colloidal charge leading to charge reversal. Charge renormalization in suspensions with multivalent counterions depends on a subtle interplay between the solvation energies of the multivalent counterions in the bulk and near the colloidal surface. We find that the effective charge is {\it not} a monotonically decreasing function of the multivalent salt concentration. Furthermore, contrary to the previous theories, it is found that except at very low concentrations, monovalent salt hinders the charge reversal. This conclusion is in agreement with the recent experiments and simulations.

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• Colloidal charge reversal: Dependence on the ionic size and the electrolyte concentration
• Charge regulation and ionic screening of patchy surfaces
• The double-layer of penetrable ions: an alternative route to charge reversal
• Theory of Charge Regulation of Colloidal Particles in Electrolyte Solutions
• Electrostatic Interactions between Janus Particles
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• The renormalized Jellium model of colloidal suspensions with multivalent counterions
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