Condensation and vortex formation in Bose-gas upon cooling

Abstract

The mechanism for the transition of a Bose gas to the superfluid state via thermal fluctuations is considered. It is shown that in the process of external cooling some critical fluctuations (instantons) are formed above the critical temperature. The probability of the instanton formation is calculated in the three and two-dimensional cases. It is found that this probability increases as the system approaches the transition temperature. It is shown that the evolution of an individual instanton is impossible without the formation of vortices in its superfluid part.

References in corpus (5)

• Cosmological Experiments in Condensed Matter Systems
• Big bang simulation in superfluid 3He-B -- Vortex nucleation in neutron-irradiated superflow
• Large negative velocity gradients in Burgers turbulence
• Nucleation of vortices by rapid thermal quench
• Wave nucleation rate in excitable systems in the low noise limit