Ferromagnetism of the Hubbard Model at Strong Coupling in the Hartree-Fock Approximation

Abstract

As a contribution to the study of Hartree-Fock theory we prove rigorously that the Hartree-Fock approximation to the ground state of the d-dimensional Hubbard model leads to saturated ferromagnetism when the particle density (more precisely, the chemical potential mu) is small and the coupling constant U is large, but finite. This ferromagnetism contradicts the known fact that there is no magnetization at low density, for any U, and thus shows that HF theory is wrong in this case. As in the usual Hartree-Fock theory we restrict attention to Slater determinants that are eigenvectors of the z-component of the total spin, {S}_z = sum_x n_{x,\uparrow} - n_{x,\downarrow}, and we find that the choice 2{S}_z = N = particle number gives the lowest energy at fixed 0 < mu < 4d.

arXiv commentv2: Published version. 30 pages latex. Changes in title, abstract, introduction

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• Ground state energy of the low density Hubbard model. An upper bound
• Update of Hartree--Fock theory for Hubbard-like models