Dynamics of shallow impact cratering

Abstract

We present data for the time-dependence of wooden spheres penetrating into a loose non-cohesive packing of glass beads. The stopping time is a factor of three longer than the time $d/v_{\circ }$ needed to travel the total penetration distance $d$ at the impact speed $v_{\circ }$. The acceleration decreases monotonically throughout the impact. These kinematics are modelled by a position- and velocity-dependent stopping force that is constrained to reproduce prior observations for the scaling of the penetration depth with the total drop distance.

4 pages, experiment

References in corpus (5)

• Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media
• Dynamics of drag and force distributions for projectile impact in a granular medium
• Granular Drag on a Discrete Object: Shape Effects on Jamming
• Penetration depth for shallow impact cratering
• Projectile-shape dependence of impact craters in loose granular media

Cited by in corpus (19)

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• Sphere penetration by impact in a granular medium: A collisional process
• The role of interstitial gas in determining the impact response of granular beds
• Granular Dynamics during Impact
• Collisional Model of Energy Dissipation in 3D Granular Impact
• Length and time scales of a liquid drop impact and penetration into a granular layer
• Gas-Mediated Impact Dynamics in Fine-Grained Granular Materials
• A novel facility for reduced-gravity testing: a set-up for studying low-velocity collisions into granular surfaces
• Effect of two parallel intruders on net work during granular penetrations
• Impact drag force exerting on a projectile penetrating into a hierarchical granular bed
• Stagnant Zone Formation in a 2D Bed of Circular and Elongated Grains under Penetration
• Penetrating a granular medium by successive impacts
• Dynamics of oblique impact in a photoelastic granular medium
• Penetration of a spinning sphere impacting a granular medium
• Force on a sphere suspended in flowing granulate