Dynamics of shallow impact cratering

Abstract

We present data for the time-dependence of wooden spheres penetrating into a loose non-cohesive packing of glass beads. The stopping time is a factor of three longer than the time $d/v_{\circ }$ needed to travel the total penetration distance $d$ at the impact speed $v_{\circ }$. The acceleration decreases monotonically throughout the impact. These kinematics are modelled by a position- and velocity-dependent stopping force that is constrained to reproduce prior observations for the scaling of the penetration depth with the total drop distance.

4 pages, experiment

References in corpus (3)

• Low-speed impact craters in loose granular media
• Penetration depth for shallow impact cratering
• Projectile-shape dependence of impact craters in loose granular media