Effective Temperatures in Athermal Systems Sheared at Fixed Normal Load

Abstract

We perform molecular dynamics simulations of repulsive athermal systems sheared at fixed normal load to study the effective temperature $T_L$ defined from time-dependent fluctuation-dissipation relations for density. We show that these systems possess two distinct regimes as a function of the ratio $T_S/V$ of the granular temperature to the potential energy per particle. At small $T_S/V$, these systems are pressure-controlled and $T_L$ is set by the normal load. In contrast, they behave as quasi-equilibrium systems with $T_L\approx T_S$ that increases with shear rate at large $T_S/V$. These results point out several problems with using $T_L$ in thermodynamic descriptions of slowly sheared athermal systems.

4 pages, 4 figures

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• Approach to equilibrium and non-equilibrium stationary distributions of interacting many-particle systems that are coupled to different heat baths
• Effective temperatures from the fluctuation-dissipation measurements in soft glassy materials
• Isolated Non-Equilibrium Systems in Contact
• Signatures of shear thinning-thickening transition in dense athermal shear flows
• Equilibrium-like behavior in far-from-equilibrium chemical reaction networks
• Active Jamming at Criticality
• Linear Response for Granular Fluids
• Weighted average temperature as the effective temperature of a system in contact with two thermal baths