Thermodynamics and small quantum systems

Abstract

Small quantum systems non-weakly coupled to a bath become in the quantum regime surrounded by a cloud of photons or phonons, which modifies their thermodynamic behavior. Exactly solvable examples are the Brownian motion of a quantum particle in a harmonic confining potential and coupled to a harmonic quantum thermal bath, e.g. an ion in a Penning trap, and a spin immersed in a bosonic bath, as occurs in NMR physics. It appears that the Clausius inequality $\dbarrm Q\le T\d S$ can be violated. For non-adiabatic changes of system parameters the rate of energy dissipation can be negative, and, out of equilibrium, cyclic processes are possible which extract work from the bath. Experimental setups for testing some of the effects are discussed.

Invited talk at `Physics of Quantum Electronics 33', Snowbird, January 2003. 13 pages, 2 figures

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Maximally and minimally correlated states attainable within a closed evolving system
• Heisenberg-Langevin vs. quantum master equation
• Quantum thermodynamics: thermodynamics at the nanoscale
• Quantum Mutual Information Along Unitary Orbits
• Coherence and entanglement of mechanical oscillators mediated by coupling to different baths
• Exact Markovian kinetic equation for a quantum Brownian oscillator
• Entanglement Energetics in the Ground State
• Adiabatic processes need not correspond to optimal work